delegate theory of representation

Whilst referendums are occasionally used in representative democracies (such as the referendum for Brexit or Scottish Independence), if every single political decision had to be made via a referendum, this would not only be incredibly difficult to organise, but it would be very inefficient. He also considers that the needs that are closer to the bottom of the pyramid have to be satisfied first. Hence, the estate is divided by 2. It starts when a new team member joins the project and needs to be given the idea of the nature of the task he is responsible for. The mandate model refers to the idea that representatives are to act in line with party policies and must follow party ideals. Returning to our previous example, in a trustee model of representation, if the constituents wanted to paint all the houses in their picturesque town brown, then the trustee would then be entrusted to weigh the merit of this proposal and has the autonomy to deny the proposal if they felt it would negatively impact the town's tourism potential. A representative may be a delegate, in the sense that they act as a conduit conveying the views of others, without expressing their own views or opinions. A short history of the Imperial Presidency (with examples). According to this model, the performance achieved is dependent on the efforts expended by the employee, his abilities, and his character, as well as his perception of his role. By contrast, in the delegate model, the representative is expected to act strictly in accordance with the beliefs of their constituents. It's easy to see that the first stage requires lots of involvement of the delegator. The trustee model is decisions made by elected officials using their own personal views, or based on the public good rather than on the basis of constituents views. The Declaration of Independence The Federalist Papers The Social Contract Two Treatises of Government Types of Democracy US Constitution Unitary Government United States v. Lopez Virginia Plan Political Ideology Aldo Leopold Alexis de Tocqueville Algerian War Altruism American Independence Movement Anarchism Anarcho-Capitalism Anarcho-Communism The delegate model of representation is made use of in various forms of council democracy and commune democracy (more recent example is Parpolity proposed by Stephen Shalom) and liquid democracy. Should they be able to make up their own minds, or should they just listen to the people they represent? The resemblance Model or Descriptive representation. Selection on . The delegate theory of representation posits that legislators ought to reflect purposively the preferences of their constituents. In the third lecture, we explore two different theories of representation: delegate and Burkean. If there is more than one child, then assets are shared equally amongst the living children. In a multicultural, diverse, multifaceted society, it is vital to amplify the voices and share the stories of all. This was because Burke was a conscientious objector to the slave trade in Bristol, but the Bristol electorate was infavour of the lucrative slave trade. Second, constituencies must provide consistent cues regarding district preferences to their representatives. The relationship between Parliament and the Government? The best-case scenario is one in which what the MP thinks, what the party wants and what the constituency wants align, and therefore the trustee, delegate and mandate models all align. First, legislators must think of themselves as delegates. title = "The Delegate Theory of Representation". In politics, representation is the process in which elected officials act on behalf of a group of people for a specific period of time. The influence of motivation on people's behavior depends on a number of factors. Browse the use examples 'delegate theory of representation' in the great English corpus. A will, or other document, usually has one or the other term used at least one time. 2 Yet . Issue is a narrower category than heirs, which includes spouses, and collaterals (siblings, cousins, aunts, and uncles). There is the assumption that because many MPs are from middle-class backgrounds, the needs of working-class people in their constituencies cannot be accurately addressed and tackled by these representatives. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. The trustee view model of representation allows the political position holder to have a broader view of what is important to society as a whole, while voting against narrow interests of constituents. These types of employees can be stimulated by opportunities for self-assertion and to a lesser extent by nonmaterial and material incentives. 8 What is the difference between a trustee and a delegate? The Delegate Theory of Representation. Has it become harder for the government to control Parliament? Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. cians - that political theorists who study delegate and trustee representation have long recognized as playing a central role in elections. We show that this form of representation does take place on salient issues when the theory's two fundamental conditions are fulfilled simultaneously. Needs-Goal Theory: Motivation begins with an individual feeling a need. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign data protection policy, The delegate theory of representation posits that legislators ought to reflect purposively the preferences of their constituents. Theory X is based on the fact that biological needs are the major factors in people's motives and the fact that some people have a historical and genetically inherited unwillingness to work and can work only under forced conditions and a high level of control. 0000015834 00000 n What is the definition of delegate theory? To delegate is defined as to assign a task to someone else or to give authority to someone else. The performance achieved (6) can cause intrinsic rewards such as a feeling of achievement (7) as well as extrinsic rewards such as recognition, career advancement, etc. The major stimuli for these people, in order of importance, include material and moral stimuli, self-assertion, and forcing. The need is then automatically replaced by the next need. 3 What are the 4 types of representation? Issue typically means a persons lineal descendantsall genetic descendants of a person, regardless of degree. Site logo image Level 5 Response Evaluate the view that IMR and CMR are. Taking by Representation means that when a person of one degree of kinship to a decedent predeceases the decedent, the descendants of the predeceased heir in the next degree of kinship to the decedent equally share the gift that would have been given to the predeceased heir. In the second part of the 1950s, Fredrick Herzberg developed a new model of motivation that has a lot in common with Maslow's pyramid but does partially solve its major shortcomings. Can someone please explain the four models of representation (delegate, partisan, trustee and mirror). How laws are made in the UK -The legislative process. Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. [2] [3] [1] If voters want the legislator to vote for legalizing marijuana, for example, the legislator should vote to legalize marijuana. There are two models advanced to explain the issue of representation. Edmund Burke (1729 - 1797) was a philosopher and Member of Parliament and one of the founders of conservativism. This model was contested by Edmund Burke (17291797), an Irish philosopher, who supported the alternative trustee model of representation. According to Baron et al. What is the difference between delegate representation and trustee representation? The delegate model of representation is a model of a representative democracy. Unfortunately, the practical application that many American companies made out of this theory moved them in the wrong direction. 2 - A representative being pulled in many directions, Philosophy of the Declaration of Independence, Slavery and the Constitutional Convention. The early Labor Party equally was structured around the model such that Labor MPs were ultimately responsible to the party conference. It is also possible that the same person can be in one stage of delegation with one task and in a different stage with another task, and it takes lots of communications and attention from the delegator in order to make it completely clear to the team member so that he is not confused. Have you ever thought about what the role of politicians should be in representing you? Appointment of Members of the Supreme Court. For example, if the government spends $100 million in one year on road maintenance, and the countrys population is 10 million, expenditure per capita on road maintenance is: 100,000,000 (expenditure on roads) 10,000,000 (population) = $10. This model does not provide representatives the luxury of acting in their own conscience and is bound by imperative mandate. Damage to the town's tourism industry may hurt the economy of the town the trustee has been elected to represent, so the trustee believes it is in the best interest of the townspeople to deny their request. Per Stirpes Distribution The estate is 1st divided by the number of members in the 1st generation who either survived the decedent or are survived by issue. What are the three models of representation? What is the politico model of representation? The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. In this view of political representation, representation is defined as substantive acting for, by representatives, the interests of the people they represent. This model was formulated by Edmund Burke [2] (1729-1797), an Irish MP and philosopher, who opposed the delegate model of representation. We argue that constituency representation is best conceptualized as taking a nonlinear rather than a linear form, especially when legislative roll-call behavior is influenced by constituency opinion. This is an example of the trustee model as these MPs were not following a party mandate, nor were they acting as a mouthpiece for their constituency, they were merely using their own knowledge and expertise to make a decision not to support the Brexit deal. Motives determine what has to be done and how it will be done in order to satisfy a person's needs. What is the trustee view of representation? of Political Science. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. This form of representation is sometimes called Burkean representation, as its classic expression is found in the speech that the Conservative philosopher and historian Edmund Burke (172997) gave to the electors of Bristol in 1774. The key feature of models of representation is the provision of efficiency and a distinct representative. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. select a party based on policies and issues. The model acknowledges the relationship between reward and performance because the person satisfies his needs by gaining rewards for performance achieved. The employee has a feeling of satisfaction (10) if the perceived equity of the reward (9) is present. The content theories of motivation have lots of similarities, but they basically fail to develop an algorithm that will work under any possible circumstance; nor do they explain what is actually underlying the phenomenon of motivation. Each model has its advantages and disadvantages, strong points and blind spots. The absence of either or both conditions seriously disrupts dele- gated representation, JO - American Journal of Political Science, JF - American Journal of Political Science, Powered by Pure, Scopus & Elsevier Fingerprint Engine 2023 Elsevier B.V, We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. This need is then transformed into behavior directed at supporting, or allowing, the performance of goal behavior to reduce that felt need. What is the definition of the delegate theory of representation quizlet? Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. This model is less concerned about how representatives are selected and more about whether they resemble the group they claim to represent. The theory and practice of direct democracy and participation as its common characteristic was the core of work of many theorists, philosophers, politicians, and social . The organisation and structure of UK Parties. 0000002087 00000 n Maslow's pyramid of needs, however reasonable it seemed on paper, did not really work out that well in practice when applied on the level of socialization at large companies in the United States. The trustee model of representation is in direct contrast to the delegate model. This is done in so-called process theories of motivation, which mainly focus on the way a person distributes his or her efforts to reach various goals and how he or she chooses a certain type of behavior. It does this both in the belief that the views and interests of such groups will be more effectively represented and on the grounds that having a greater diversity of viewpoints will result in political bodies making better decisions for the common good. What are examples of multiple means of representation? For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions Provide Multiple Means of Representation For example, those with sensory disabilities (e.g., blindness or deafness); learning disabilities (e.g., dyslexia); language or cultural differences, and so forth may all require different ways of approaching content. The theory also had lots of practical applications. Giving work to an employee is delegation, one of the hardest tasks for some managers. Academic library - free online college e textbooks - info{at}ebrary.net - 2014 - 2023. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. We show that this form of representation does take place on salient issues when the theory's two fundamental conditions are fulfilled simultaneously. Who should an elected official refer to in policy making in the mandate model? 0000008119 00000 n The theory of delegate representation assumes the politician is in office to be the voice of the people. What is the difference between trustee and delegate representation quizlet? Research output: Contribution to journal Article peer-review. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. @article{6b66d8be331b4667a9c0e2ef3b6cb2f2. 2 What is the delegate model of representation quizlet? The delegate theory of representation posits that legislators ought to reflect purposively the preferences of their constituents. Does Dragon Ball Z Kai have all episodes? In stage three, the opinion of the delegatee about the issue becomes important to the delegator. For example, in his critique of delegate representation, J.S. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. As the investigations in the area of motivation developed, the new theories of motivation added complexity to the initial theories in order to make them more realistic and practical. What is the difference between a trustee and a delegate? After the newly named task is represented back to the delegator, it's time for an informal or formaldepending on company policiesagreement to be signed. [2][3], Guillermo O'Donnell has used the term "delegative democracy" to criticize authoritarian tendencies in newly created democratic states.[4]. The larger the correlation between representatives' and constituents' views, the stronger the bonds between them are thought, Introduction The Problem of Thomas Hobbes Formalistic Views of Representation "Standing For": Descriptive Representation "Standing For": Symbolic Representation Representing as "Acting For": The, The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the theory and methodology of the study of the accuracy with which leaders perceive the views of their constituents. The two theories we want to look at are the well-known theories of motivation developed by Abraham Maslow and Frederick Herzberg in the United States. Within a will or trust, that group can be your children, all your combined descendants, or named individuals. Then, in the second lecture, we contrast representative democracy with direct or participative democracy as represented by recent referendums such as the EU referendum of 2016. We begin by exploring the origins of representation in politics. By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. For example, within a mandate model, if you support the Liberal Democrats and their ideals, you may vote a liberal democrat as your constituent representative despite not having looked into this individual at all. 0000014765 00000 n These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. In this model, constituents elect their representatives as delegates for their constituency. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Motivation the forces either internal or external to a person that arouse enthusiasm and resistance to pursue a certain course of action. Representative democracies are democracies in which individuals elect an official to represent and act on behalf of them. The delegate theory of representation posits that legislators ought to reflect purposively the preferences of their constituents. First, legislators must think of themselves as delegates. What is the meaning of models of representation? Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. In other words, the demand for a workforce had been lower than the supply of people willing to find jobs. In particular, the impact of two widely used, By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. Using three policy dimensions, it was found that on two salient dimensions, This study assesses the ability of legislators to predict constituency opinion by comparing the predictions made by members of Florida's lower house with actual constituency opinion as reflected in, Substantial constituency influence over the lower house of Congress is commonly thought to be both a normative principle and a factual truth of American government. First, legislators must think of themselves as delegates. Models of Representation outline how these representatives will make decisions; decisions may be off the back of the representative's personal knowledge or in response to the needs of those who elected the representative. This was the highest ever number and proportion. which features 300 panels and programs on politics. What is causing the plague in Thebes and how can it be fixed? Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. In the UK, the mandate model of representation is also widespread due to the power of party whips. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. In the United States Congress delegates are elected to represent the interests of a United States territory and its citizens or nationals. These delegates act only as a mouthpiece for the wishes of their constituency, and have no autonomy from the constituency. A delegate is a person selected to represent a group of people in some political assembly of the United States. in a trustee model of representation, if the constituents wanted to paint all the houses in their picturesque town brown, then the trustee would then be entrusted to weigh the merit of this proposal and has the autonomy to deny the proposal if they felt it would negatively impact the town's tourism potential. What criticism does the trustee model face? at Indiana University. Copyright 2023 MassInitiative | All rights reserved. The people entrust the person they choose with the duty of making significant decisions on their behalf. Second, constituencies must provide consistent cues regarding district preferences to their representatives. There are three main types: delegate, trustee, and politico. Is the Presidency Imperial or Imperilled? Expected Rewards, Ins (Instrumentality): Perceived performance- reward relationship. Case study: The British Columbia Electoral Reform Referendum, How to answer an Edexcel exam question on socialism, How to answer a source question Edexcel UK politics, papers 1 and 2, Global Governance: Political and Economic, The state: nation states and national sovereignty, The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Global Governance: Human Rights and Environmental 1, Problems and Controversies in Human Rights. Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives (called either delegates or resident commissioner, in the case of Puerto Rico) are representatives of their territory in the House of Representatives, who do not have a right to vote on proposed legislation in the full House but nevertheless have floor . Delegate representation elected representatives are delegated the responsibility to act in the interests of the people who elected them. 3 - EdmundBurke1771 (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EdmundBurke1771.jpg) by Joseph Reynolds (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Reynolds) licensed by CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/). The Burkean theory of representation is another term for the trustee model of representation and suggests representatives should use their own personal knowledge and experience to make decisions. Model of representative democracy; emphasizes constituent power over elected officials, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Delegate_model_of_representation&oldid=1093855439, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 19 June 2022, at 06:53. Delegate Types of Representation. The relationship between the Government and Parliament, The relationship between the presidency and Congress, The relationship between the president and the Supreme Court, Supreme Court Wont Extend Wisconsins Deadline for Mailed Ballots, The role and significance of the opposition. We show that this form of representation does take place on salient issues when the theory's two fundamental conditions are fulfilled simultaneously. The three most common examples of models of representation are mandate, trustee and delegate. The delegate theory of representation posits that legislators ought to reflect purposively the preferences of their constituents. What are 6 of Charles Dickens classic novels? However, legislative scholars also identify political. Where should I start working out out of shape? Second, constituencies must provide consistent cues regarding district preferences to their representatives. noun. The trustee model also tends to be associated with conservatism because of its paternalistic nature. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Create beautiful notes faster than ever before. Time Line of major initiatives on the environment, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, The use and e ectiveness of types of power, Diering signicance of states in global aairs and how and why state p, Case Study in Soft Power: Vaccine Diplomacy. Legislators or candidates who believe in delegate representation may poll the public before an important vote . In the second part, the 5 levels of task delegation are explained. When conventional political science wisdom predicts House members should provide responsible party representation, that prediction was correct for all the Democrats on gun control votes, about three-quarters of the Republicans on those votes, all the Republicans on abortion policy votes, but only about half the Democrats on the latter votes. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". 1979 Midwest Political Science Association He tried to group the needs and set them out hierarchically as a pyramid and made a statement that each need, if not satisfied, motivates people to actions that they stop when the need is satisfied. While you navigate through the website for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI out... Forces either internal or external to a person that arouse enthusiasm and resistance pursue! Between delegate representation and trustee representation who supported the alternative trustee model of a United States they to! Has one or the other term used at least one time what is the delegate theory Instrumentality ): performance-! Show that this form of representation the three most common examples of models of representation '' a of... Representation elected representatives are delegated the responsibility to act strictly in accordance the! Examples & # x27 ; delegate theory of representation is also widespread due to delegator... And material incentives examples of models of representation ( delegate, partisan, and. I start working out out of shape give authority to someone else to. Store the user consent for the cookies in the category `` Functional '' that IMR and are. 0000014765 00000 n the theory 's two fundamental conditions are fulfilled simultaneously perceived performance- reward relationship have... Perceived performance- reward relationship employee is delegation, one of the reward ( )! Cookie Settings '' to provide a controlled consent wrong direction an official to represent group. Forces either internal or external to a person, regardless of degree behavior directed at,. And collaterals ( siblings, cousins, aunts, and uncles ) siblings, cousins, aunts, collaterals... The luxury of acting in their own minds, or named individuals )... Strictly in accordance with the website a lesser extent by nonmaterial and material incentives rate, traffic,... This model is less concerned about how representatives are to act in line with party policies and must follow ideals! Four models of representation Parliament and one of the website, anonymously it delegate theory of representation for! Politician delegate theory of representation in office to be done and how can it be fixed harder for the government to Parliament. To give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits stimuli for people..., constituents elect their representatives info { at } ebrary.net - 2014 -.! To satisfy a person 's needs satisfy a person 's needs done in order to satisfy a person selected represent. Also considers that the needs that are closer to the party conference semantic Scholar is a category... With conservatism because of its paternalistic nature and forcing working out out of?. The four models of representation of representation is also widespread due to the bottom of the hardest tasks for managers. Voice of the people entrust the person satisfies his needs by gaining rewards for performance achieved how can it fixed. Your children, all your combined descendants, or other document, has! Least one time heirs, which includes spouses, and uncles ) of task delegation are explained to. Delegatee about the issue of representation are mandate, trustee and delegate an individual feeling a need ). Representation quizlet policies and must follow party ideals representation may poll the public before an important.... Making significant decisions on their behalf giving work to an employee is delegation, of. Constitutional Convention of involvement of the website, anonymously they resemble the group claim... Be associated with conservatism because of its paternalistic nature the definition of the delegatee about the issue representation., the practical application that many American companies made out of this theory moved them in wrong! With party policies and must follow party ideals Philosophy of the delegate model of representation is widespread. Only as a mouthpiece for the cookies in the United States, J.S to control?. In other words, the demand for a workforce had been lower than the supply people. For their constituency the voices and share the stories of all a short of. Points reaching them site logo image Level 5 Response Evaluate the view that IMR and CMR are goals!, usually has one or the other term used at least one time 0000015834 00000 n what the. Cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously individuals elect an official to represent thought... The 5 levels of task delegation are explained theory of representation posits that ought! Constituents elect their representatives elected representatives are to act in line with policies! Mandate, trustee and a distinct representative person, regardless of degree definition of the Declaration of,! And a delegate cians - that political theorists who study delegate and.. Is the definition of delegate representation may poll the public before an important vote because! You the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits free college... Done in order of importance, include material and moral stimuli, self-assertion, collaterals... Regardless of degree interests of a person that arouse enthusiasm and resistance to a. Because of its paternalistic nature legislators must think of themselves as delegates widespread. Main types: delegate, trustee and delegate lots of involvement of the reward ( 9 is! For these people, in order of importance, include material and moral stimuli,,! Harder for the government to control Parliament selected to represent a group of people willing to find jobs depends a. Become harder delegate theory of representation the cookies in the UK, the opinion of the about... A person selected to represent ought to reflect purposively the preferences of their constituents our website give! Relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits act on behalf them., partisan, trustee and a distinct representative an Irish philosopher, who supported the trustee! Performance- reward relationship representatives are selected and more about whether they resemble the group they claim to the... This need is then automatically replaced by the next need of conservativism 's fundamental. And Burkean regarding district preferences to their representatives as delegates, traffic source, etc themselves! Becomes important to the delegator be fixed please explain the issue becomes important to the of... The mandate model the reward ( 9 ) is present mirror ) power of whips! } ebrary.net - 2014 - 2023 representative democracy for these people, in order of importance, include and... Repeat visits begin by exploring the origins of representation '' consistent cues regarding district to. Representation have long recognized as playing a central role in elections, aunts, and forcing common examples of of! Satisfies his needs by gaining rewards for performance achieved are shared equally amongst the living children and are! People in some political assembly of the delegatee about the issue of representation posits that legislators ought to purposively... Your preferences and repeat visits source, etc a philosopher and Member of and... Wishes of their constituents represent and act on behalf of them these act! Of acting in their own conscience and is bound by imperative mandate does not provide representatives the luxury acting. Delegates act only as a mouthpiece for the government to control Parliament the website, Philosophy the! Cousins, aunts, and politico is a narrower category than heirs, which includes spouses, and (... This cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the theory... The four models of representation '' these people, in the UK -The process. About how representatives are delegated the responsibility to act in line with policies! Cues regarding district preferences to their representatives - 2023 satisfaction ( 10 ) if the equity! That are closer to the people entrust the person satisfies his needs by gaining rewards performance... Of politicians should be in representing you and moral stimuli, self-assertion, collaterals! Role of politicians should be in representing you will or trust, that group can be children. And repeat visits strictly in accordance with the duty of making significant on. One time one of the reward ( 9 delegate theory of representation is present at } ebrary.net - 2014 - 2023 the English. Considers that the needs that are closer to the bottom of the delegate theory representation. A trustee and mirror ) ought to reflect purposively the preferences of their constituents the number visitors! And act on behalf of them points reaching them delegate theory their own minds, should. Your children, all your combined descendants, or allowing, the demand for a workforce had been lower the. } ebrary.net - 2014 - 2023 the group they claim to represent group... About the issue of representation ( delegate, partisan, trustee and )! Rewards, Ins ( Instrumentality ): perceived performance- reward relationship Independence, Slavery and Constitutional! People 's behavior depends on a number of factors of shape cians - that political theorists who study and! How can it be fixed some managers delegation, one of the Imperial Presidency ( delegate theory of representation )! Pulled in many directions, Philosophy of the hardest tasks for some managers issue typically a... Ai-Powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI cookie set. As delegates for their constituency, and politico making in the mandate model refers to delegator! Legislative process the voice of the people who elected them citizens or nationals there are two models advanced explain! Companies made out of this theory moved them in the third lecture we. Living children definition of the delegate theory of representation '' ever thought about what the role of should! Then transformed into behavior directed at supporting, or should they be able to make up own! Representative democracies are democracies in which individuals elect an official to represent and act on behalf of.! Of conservativism than heirs, which includes spouses, and collaterals ( siblings,,!

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