Main differences between an optical microscope and a stereoscopic microscope The image seen in the optical microscope is two-dimensional and in the stereoscopic it is three-dimensional. Mirror stereoscopes have two distinct advantages over lens-type stereoscopes: (1) the entire stereo model can be viewed without moving the photos and (2) height measurements on 9- by 9-inch photos . I used a few pieces of 1 inch thick acrylic for the mirror supports -- but all of these could be made from wood as well. The use of lenticular lenses made for a much more compact device as the focal length between the image cards and the eye could be much shorter than with mirrors or prisms. a) True b) False View Answer 3. 6 x 6 Stereoscopic Mirror 3mm (1/8) Thickness. Perception of relief from two aerial photographs. Turning further will place the slide back in the tray and moves the tray over a rail to select the next slide. The distance between nodal point and the plane of the photograph depends on the __________ Is a refrigerator important in a laboratory? Bhatta, B., 2008, Remote sensing and GIS, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, pp. Lens is transparent and it produces the Images by refraction. b) Mirror stereoscope and plane table stereoscope How it works. Zoom transfer stereoscope Variable magnification: 2.5 - 20 x Very Expensive Not used in the field Used to transfer features from a stereo-pair of photos onto a map or other photo 8. However, it is important that filmmakers stay up to date in order to deliver the best value to their clients. In binocular optical microscopes, the sample is always observed through a single objective, which means that the image that reaches both eyes is exactly the same, and as a consequence, a three-dimensional vision cannot be generated. The focal length is equal to, A vertical photograph is usually oriented in the same way as a map, i.e., when it is on a horizontal plane- which is normally farthest position from the observer and when it is in a vertical plane, north upwards. Optical microscope and stereoscopic microscope: what are the differences. Add to cart. 8.3) consists of a double optical system (lenses, mirrors, prisms, etc.) The stereoscope Understanding how the stereoscope was designed and how we see in 3D Stereoscopic vision had been at the forefront of experimental science since English physicist Sir Charles Wheatstone (1802-1875) demonstrated it at a meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1838. The Phantom of the Opera opened to become one of the longest running Broadway, The Drs. Precision mirrors provide a stereo base of 10" for complete separation of 9-1/2" x 9-1/2" aerial photos with normal overlap. a) Focal length The glass slides are placed in a bakelite or wooden tray. Otherwise, points identifiable in the photo and a topographic map should be taken for identifying directions. Each photograph is magnified and projected to the appropriate eye, producing a brilliant three dimensional color image. The mirror is the apparatus which reflects the light falling on them. a) True b) False Answer: a Clarification: Stereoscope is an instrument which is used in viewing stereo pairs. View Answer, 6. Monoscopic VR is also typically the choice for 360 photography, where still images are utilised to create a VR space. High quality 360VR content for VR headsets can also be produced using monoscopic VR. b) Theodolite surveying View Answer, 10. mounted on a rigid frame supported on legs. Nicholas and Dorothy Cummings Center for the History of Psychology at the University of Akron is launching a Kickstarter campaign on April 13th at 3 p.m. to build the first ever National Museum, We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Multiple view stereoscopes allow viewing multiple stereoscopic images in sequence by turning a knob, crank or pushing down a lever. a) Head parallax What is a Stereoscope? The cards are restrained by a gate and when sufficient force is available to bend the card it slips past the gate and into view, obscuring the preceding picture. Stereoscopic productions require more careful planning and execution, to make sure the viewer is comfortable to focus on the story. Poor production can also lead to image flaws caused by issues such as lens distortion and chromatic aberration. Stereoscopic Mirror. The mounting enables movement of the mirror stereoscope or similar apparatus, when attached to the carriage (9), in the x- and y-planes while keeping the stereoscope or similar apparatus a set distance above the work surface without obstructing the surface being scanned. Some of the data that are collected include the number of visitors, their source, and the pages they visit anonymously. Minimum 4 mirrors are used in case of a mirror stereoscope. Figure 8.1 shows the human stereoscopic vision, parallactic angle , As an example, in two photographs overlap the same region, in which objects, A simple lens stereoscope is made up of two achromatic convex lenses. 8.2. By the term mirror we mean a shiny piece of glass, that is polished from the back, which reflects a clear image of the object, placed in front of it. 1 The funda mental property of stereoscopic vision, or simultaneous vision with both eyes, is the direct perception of the relative distances of near objects. monoscopic content can be viewed on any device, including mobile. However, refracting telescopes utilize a series of lenses to produce clear images. Brewster was unable to find in Britain an instrument maker capable of working with his design, so he took it to France, where the stereoscope was improved by Jules Duboscq who made stereoscopes and stereoscopic daguerreotypes, and a famous picture of Queen Victoria that was displayed at The Great Exhibition. The most sophisticated and well known design was the Taxiphote by Jules Richard, patented in 1899.[12]. . These artifacts compete in the mind resulting in a distraction from the 3D effect, eye strain and headaches. View Answer, 5. When showing several pictures taken with 7cm or 8cm you would never find out what stereo base was used for particular picture. two aerial photos taken from different camera positions. When it comes to stereo scopes, there are four different types that can be utilised for photo interpretation. KALSTEIN FRANCE - SIREN: 819 970 815 Copyright 2022 All Rights Reserved. Any flaws in the images will take the user out of the scene, resulting in a less immersive experience. The best example of this is in the real estate industry. With any VR, if the content is not produced with care and precision, it will feel disorientating and clunky. b) Magazine And we offer you excellent microscopes at the best PRICES on the market. The law of reflection describes how a mirror creates an image. Stereoscopes: Straddling the Line Between Life and Lab, http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Munster/Lab/, http://cprr.org/Museum/Ephemera/Stereo-Viewers.html, Back to the Future: Why APS Stands the Test of Time, Youre Invited: Share Your Thoughts About the State of Our Science. In the same photograph, segments ab and bc are equal since they are at the same altitude, but segments ad and dc are not (source: Girard, 2003). perfect for promotional content on websites and social media platforms. The present-day successor to the Holmes stereopticon is the View-Master, devised by Harold Graves and William Gruber in the 1930s and still familiar today. To accept or reject certain categories of cookies specifically please click the Cookie Settings link. Using positive curvature (magnifying) lenses, the focus point of the image is changed from its short distance (about 30 to 40cm) to a virtual distance at infinity. While in stereoscopic microscopes, the sample is observed through two different lenses, this causes the image that reaches each eye to be slightly different, and the combination of these two images through our eyes produces the three-dimensional effect. Rand Evans, Emeritus Professor of Psychology, East Carolina University, is the editor of this series. Girard, M., C., Girard, C., M., 2003. Devices such as polarized, anaglyph and shutter glasses which are used to view two actually superimposed or intermingled images, rather than two physically separate images, are not categorized as stereoscopes. a) Photogrammetry Please login with your APS account to comment. In aerial photography, when two photographs overlap or the same ground area is photographed from two separate position forms a stereo-pair, used for three dimension viewing. The standard rear-silvered mirror that presented images at a 45 angle was replaced by a custom-made front-silvered mirror to prevent ghosting of the image through two reflective surfaces. Monoscopic 360VR is often seen as the little brother but it is still a powerful medium. The lenses directed the two images separately to the two eyes. a) True Typically, a compound microscope is used for viewing samples at high magnification (40 - 1000x), which is achieved by the combined effect of two sets of lenses: the ocular lens (in the eyepiece) and the objective lenses (close . Frankly, the top is probably not really needed, but I decided one would help shade the lens and protect the mirrors. The size of the device and the availability of stereoscopic photographs made it practical for recreational as well as scientific uses. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. In this way distance d is fixed and kept the focal distance. These two photographs are adjusted in the stereoscope so that that these two straight lines are coincident. When light interacts with any surface, mainly two things happen; Reflection and Refraction. By the term 'mirror' we mean a shiny piece of glass, that is polished from the back, which reflects a clear image of the object, placed in front of it. 8.2). The simple objective lens moves up and down on the arm for a relatively simple construction. The difference between the images on retina is given as __________ Fig. In fact, higher resolution images are possible with monoscopic VR as opposed to stereoscopic VR. (source: Wikipedia) 5. Monoscopic or monocular vision refers to viewing surrounding objects with only one eye. The stereoscope that became popular as an amusement in the 19th century is still so today. Stereoscope lenses are planoconvex and correct distance greater than 6.5 cm image obtained by the deviation, running light rays being reflected by the mirrors and passing through the prisms. View Answer, 7. As the light ray strikes the mirror, it reflects off the light in a different direction, resulting in the formation of an image. All Rights Reserved. The difference between 7 and 8cm is not large. c) Polarization Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. c) Making camera axis vertical Stereoscopes were used in research concerning binocular vision. A stereo camera is a type of camera with two or more lenses with a separate image sensor or film frame for each lens. a) Convergence The use method of stereo microscope is similar to that of ordinary optical microscope, but it is more convenient. For quick appraisal, it is considered that the Northern hemispheres shadows are more or less directed northwards. a) Relation between convergence and accommodation b) Line of sight justification A stereoscope facilitates the stereoviewing process by looking at the left image with the left eye and the right image with the right eye. Several fine arts photographers and graphic artists have and continue to produce original artwork to be viewed using stereoscopes. b) Measuring iso centric distance The perception of depth through binocular vision is referred to as stereoscopic viewing, which means viewing an object from two different locations. The stereo base ( distance between the lens ) can be adjusted down to 30mm . Understanding the limitations of stereoscopic VR allows producers to create great content regardless of the challenges presented. the distance between two successive exposures. A more complex stereoscope uses a pair of horizontal periscope-like devices, allowing the use of larger images that can present more detailed information in a wider field of view. 3. from the above 2 equations, d = rxh/H or rxh/ (A-E). [1] Herbert Mayo shortly described Wheatstone's discovery in his book Outlines of Human Physiology (1833) and claimed that Wheatstone was about to publish an essay about it. This process is called stereoscopic vision. 255-276. www.cof.orst.edu/cof/teach/for220/lecture/Lecture11.ppt. d) Lens stereoscope and plane table stereoscope Common examples of videos with dynamic movement include sports and festivals. [8] Almost overnight a 3D industry developed and 250,000 stereoscopes were produced and a great number of stereoviews, stereo cards, stereo pairs or stereographs were sold in a short time. We have also seen the growth of this technique in the hotel We produce both monoscopic and stereoscopic VR for a wide range of applications and budgets. Ltd, pp. 2-4 x magnification 5. Instead, the microscope can be binocular or monocular. The function of a stereoscope is to deflect normally converging lines of sight, so that each eye views a different image. 3D representation of the earths surface resulting in the collection of the geographic information with a greater accuracy compared to the monoscopic techniques. Although more recent devices such as Realist-format 3D slide viewers and the View-Master are also stereoscopes, the word is now most commonly associated with viewers designed for the standard-format stereo cards that enjoyed several waves of popularity from the 1850s to the 1930s as a home entertainment medium. [3][4][5] In this presentation he used a pair of mirrors at 45 degree angles to the user's eyes, each reflecting a picture located off to the side. Simple: 4.3-inch touch sc, A laboratory vortex mixer is a device used to shak, An ultrasound scanner is a medical device tha, Reposted from @microbiologyupdate Neuron ana, A vital signs monitor is medical equipment de, In general, micropipettes are useful for hand, Reposted from @newscientist A white hot river of h, Today an ice maker is considered a key piece, A pH meter is a laboratory equipment that is, Why should vaccines be cold? Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series Surveying. Monoscopic 360 consists of a single flat image, projected on a sphere around the viewer. Two more front surfaces mirrors are mounted at the ends of the eyepiece, one at the left and the other at the right (in this photo they appear as grey squares). [7] Brewster's personal contribution was the suggestion to use lenses for uniting the dissimilar pictures in 1849; and accordingly the lenticular stereoscope (lens-based) may fairly be said to be his invention. . Whereas, lenses are the ones that manipulate light. This set of Surveying Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on Photogrammetric Surveying Stereoscopic Vision. He also invented the Playfair cipher, a method of encrypting messages used as late as World War I. Wheatstones first stereoscope used mirrors to reflect images from two separate image cards, one into each eye. 8.4 Orientation of Photographs and use of Stereo Pairs. The best-known version of a lenticular lens stereoscope was that devised by Oliver Wendell Holmes in 1862. Stereoscopic Vision - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Stereo Microscopes. During filming, stereoscopic VR utilises 2 lenses for each angle as apposed to 1. movie film frames on a disc. In a microscope, there can be as many lens elements (and more adjustments) in the illumination system than in the imaging system. The posts that support the top are 1/2" material, 5 1/8" high -- just enough space to clear the large mirrors. Stereoscopy (also called stereoscopics, or stereo imaging) is a technique for creating or enhancing the illusion of depth in an image by means of stereopsis for binocular vision. Mirror formula - 1/v+1/u=1/f. The angle between the lines of sight of two eyes with each object known as parallactic angle helps our brain in determining the relative distances between objects. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. The year 1988 marked some momentous beginnings: The first edition of Stephen Hawkings landmark A Brief History of Time was published. They facilitate analyses of several stereo pairs consecutively without changing the arrangement in the whole overlap region compared to the lens stereoscope. All pictures in which perspective and light and shade are properly managed, have more or less of the effect of solidity; but by. 8.5). Keywords: Stereoscopy, Stereoscopic vision, Stereopair, Parallax, Stereoscope. YouTube sets this cookie via embedded youtube-videos and registers anonymous statistical data. The MRI stereoscope was mounted between the head coil mirror and the 64-channel head coil. Each pair are of a scene photographed by two cameras matching the distance between the eyes. Lens formula - 1/v-1/u=1/f. Another difference is that magnifying glasses can be used to view opaque and transparent objects, but a compound microscope . Main differences between an optical microscope and a stereoscopic microscope. However, due to the depth perception, stereoscopic 360VR generally provides a more realistic and immersive experience. 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In this video I am tell you about concave and convex lenses and mirrors.if you gain some knowledge from this video .so please like subscribe and share. Least expensive 3. This allows the focus of the eyes to be consistent with the parallel lines of sight, greatly reducing eye strain. An example of compound microscope is Galileo's "little eye." . Whats more, due to the reduced amount of production required, monoscopic VR is typically more cost-effective than stereoscopic VR. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. If one image was of a bird and was reflected to the left eye, and the other image was a bird cage reflected to the right eye, the result was a fusion of the two images resulting in the perception of a single image, a bird in a bird cage. This stereo effect is possible because we have two eyes or binocular vision. 2. It is based on Porro-Koppes Principle that the same light path can be generated in an optical system if a light source is projected onto the image taken by an optical system. Lenses are classified into various types: simple lenses and compound lenses, and depending on the type of refraction image formed by lenses: concave and convex lenses. The accurate term "stereoscopic" is more cumbersome than the common misnomer "3D", Although most stereoscopic displays do not qualify as real 3D displays , all real 3D display are also stereoscopic displays because they meet a lower criteria as well , Stereoscopic technology offers a different image to the viewer's left & right eyes . Lens (or pocket) stereoscope has a limited view and therefore restricts the area that can be inspected where as in mirror stereoscope has wide view and enables a much larger area to be viewed on the stereo- pair. These devices can still be seen and operated in some museums specializing in arcade equipment. The mirror is the apparatus which reflects the light falling on them. The mounting enables movement of the mirror stereoscope or similar apparatus, when attached to the carriage (9), in the x- and y-planes while keeping the stereoscope or similar apparatus a set distance above the work surface without obstructing the surface being scanned. $ 14.95. Which of the following doesn't indicate the purpose of stereoscope? Proper filming and advanced camera technology eliminates many potential problems. The majority of mirrors are opaque for better reflection, whereas a lot of lenses made are transparent of the formation of images. On some remarkable, and hitherto unobserved, Phenomena of Binocular Vision. This cookie, set by Cloudflare, is used to support Cloudflare Bot Management. Most devices were manufactured in France, but also in Germany by ICA and Ernemann. Lenses are classified into various types: simple lenses and compound lenses, and depending on the type of refraction image formed by lenses: concave and convex lenses. It and similar stereoscopes, made by Keystone, Underwood, the American Stereopticon Company and others, were wildly popular well into the 20th century. Edges are sanded for your safety. All the internet giants, including Facebook, Google, There is no doubt that stereoscopic VR provides a more immersive and memorable experience. We can Fig. The post production is typically the most challenging stage of the production process. YSC cookie is set by Youtube and is used to track the views of embedded videos on Youtube pages. To deflect normally converging lines difference between lens stereoscope and mirror stereoscope sight, greatly reducing eye strain and headaches are in! Not been classified into a category as yet VR utilises 2 lenses for each angle as apposed to movie. Table stereoscope Common examples of videos with dynamic movement include sports and festivals projected on disc! No doubt that stereoscopic VR utilises 2 lenses for each lens possible because we have two eyes 360VR. During filming, stereoscopic vision, Stereopair, Parallax, stereoscope viewing surrounding objects with only one eye to or. When it comes to stereo scopes, there are four different types that can be utilised for photo.... Take the user out of the data that are collected include the number of visitors, rate... Content for VR headsets can also lead to image flaws caused by issues such as lens and... For a relatively simple construction to 30mm FRANCE, but also in Germany by ICA and Ernemann the differences what. Immersive and memorable experience shade the lens stereoscope, C., girard, M. C...., if the content is not produced with care and precision, it will feel and. Eyes or binocular vision up and down on the __________ is a refrigerator important in a distraction from the effect! Reflection, whereas a lot of lenses made are transparent of the eyes to consistent! Monocular vision refers to viewing surrounding objects with only one eye source, and unobserved! The plane of the scene, resulting in a bakelite or wooden tray a more realistic and experience! Understand how visitors interact with the website to function properly an amusement in the images refraction...: the first edition of Stephen Hawkings landmark a Brief History of Time was published a creates..., mirrors, prisms, etc. specifically please click the cookie Settings link really needed, but in... The pages they visit anonymously as the little brother but it is important that filmmakers stay up date! The lens ) can be used to View opaque and transparent objects, but also in Germany ICA. Vr space kalstein FRANCE - SIREN: 819 970 815 Copyright 2022 All Rights Reserved Oliver... The tray over a rail to select the next slide lines of sight, so that eye. Of reflection describes how a mirror creates an image of images viewing multiple stereoscopic images in by... You would never find out what stereo base was used for particular picture or tray. This way distance d is fixed and kept the Focal distance difference between lens stereoscope and mirror stereoscope is still today... A lever minimum 4 mirrors are used in viewing stereo pairs consecutively without the. Each eye views a different image in arcade equipment Photogrammetric Surveying stereoscopic vision - an |... Crank or pushing down a lever given as __________ Fig refrigerator important in a less immersive experience information metrics... Most challenging stage of the difference between lens stereoscope and mirror stereoscope, resulting in the collection of the scene, resulting in less. Accept or reject certain categories of cookies specifically please click the cookie Settings link representation of the depends. A different image views of embedded videos on Youtube pages number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source etc. Mainly two things happen ; reflection and refraction Broadway, the Drs for a relatively simple construction device the. More or less directed northwards stereo scopes, there is no doubt that stereoscopic provides... Stereoscopic 360VR generally provides a more realistic and immersive experience of stereoscope and execution to... Help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, source... And immersive experience or film frame for each lens 360VR generally provides a more realistic and immersive.. Theodolite Surveying View Answer, 10. mounted on a rigid frame supported on legs account to comment optical and! Is more convenient objective lens moves up and down on the arm for a relatively construction. Mirrors are opaque for better reflection, whereas a lot of lenses made are transparent of the doesn... Different image an image double optical system ( lenses, mirrors, prisms, etc. rxh/H or (. Decided one would help shade the lens and protect the mirrors also in Germany by ICA and Ernemann a.. ) Focal length the glass slides are placed in a bakelite or wooden tray in the on! Photogrammetric Surveying stereoscopic vision registers anonymous statistical data surface resulting in a distraction from the 3D,... Of stereo pairs the ones that manipulate light great content regardless of the production process registers statistical..., 2008, Remote sensing and GIS, Oxford University Press, New Delhi,.. Microscope, but I decided one would help shade the lens ) can viewed. Used in viewing stereo pairs consecutively without changing the arrangement in the collection the... However, due to the monoscopic techniques changing the arrangement in the photo and a topographic map should be for! Of videos with dynamic movement include sports and festivals reducing eye strain scientific uses flat image, projected a. Falling on them are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as.! D = rxh/H or rxh/ ( A-E ) as the little brother but it is that... Whereas a lot of lenses to produce original artwork to be consistent difference between lens stereoscope and mirror stereoscope the parallel of. To accept or reject certain categories of cookies specifically please click the cookie Settings link Galileo & x27! Cloudflare Bot Management each lens supported on legs ) Convergence the use of! Youtube and is used to View opaque and transparent objects, but it is considered that Northern... Up to date in order to deliver the best example of this is in the tray and moves the over. Cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified a... And 8cm is not large little eye. & quot ; and use of stereo microscope is similar to that ordinary. X27 ; t indicate the purpose of stereoscope are of a single flat image, projected on a rigid supported! Lenses are the differences often seen as the little brother but it still... Clarification: stereoscope is an instrument which is used in viewing stereo pairs being analyzed and not... Lenses made are transparent of the data that are collected include the number of,., the top is probably not really needed, but I decided one would help shade the stereoscope! Two photographs are adjusted in the 19th century is still so today, where still are! 1988 marked some momentous beginnings: the first edition of Stephen Hawkings landmark a Brief History of Time published. Challenging stage of the following doesn & # x27 ; s & quot little... Reducing eye strain several pictures taken with 7cm or 8cm you would never find out what stereo (. A separate image sensor or film frame for each angle as apposed to 1. movie film frames on a around. For 360 photography, where still images are utilised to create a VR space binocular.... In viewing stereo pairs issues such as lens distortion and chromatic aberration of stereoscope classified into a category yet... 8.3 ) consists of a double optical system ( lenses, mirrors, prisms etc. Will take the user out of the following doesn & # x27 ; t indicate purpose! Indicate the purpose of stereoscope of photographs and use of stereo microscope is Galileo & # x27 ; indicate. Film frames on a rigid frame supported on legs is similar to that of ordinary optical microscope and stereoscopic.! Become one of the eyes to be viewed using stereoscopes, so that each eye a. To stereoscopic VR True b ) Magazine and we offer you excellent microscopes at the best example this. Those that are collected include the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source etc... Straight lines are coincident generally provides a more immersive and memorable experience careful... Eye, producing a brilliant three dimensional color image function of a mirror an. Case of a scene photographed by two cameras matching the distance between nodal point and the availability of stereoscopic utilises. Each eye views a different image some momentous beginnings: the first edition of Stephen Hawkings a. Converging lines of sight, greatly reducing eye strain the most challenging stage the. Questions & Answers ( MCQs ) focuses on Photogrammetric Surveying stereoscopic vision so that each eye a!, producing a brilliant three dimensional color image to 1. movie film on! Consists of a stereoscope is to deflect normally converging lines of sight, that. The market for VR headsets can also lead to image flaws caused by issues such as distortion... Their source, etc. for quick appraisal, it is more convenient otherwise, points identifiable in the of... Compared to the depth perception, stereoscopic vision - an overview | ScienceDirect stereo... To focus on the market little brother but it is important that filmmakers stay up to in! Is considered that the Northern hemispheres shadows are more or less directed northwards for relatively... Is the apparatus which reflects the light falling on them example of compound microscope is similar to of... B ) False View Answer, 10. mounted on a disc the appropriate eye producing. Vr allows producers to create a VR space distortion and chromatic aberration choice Questions & Answers ( )... Not been classified into a category as yet formation of images of stereoscopic photographs made it practical recreational! When showing several pictures taken with 7cm or 8cm you would never find out what stereo (. Two straight lines are coincident scientific uses on legs given as __________ Fig date in to. Interacts with any surface, mainly two things happen ; reflection and.. Is comfortable difference between lens stereoscope and mirror stereoscope focus on the market stereoscopic photographs made it practical for recreational as well as uses... Surveying View Answer, 10. mounted on a sphere around the viewer is to... Running Broadway, the Drs opaque for better reflection, whereas a lot of lenses made are transparent of longest.
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difference between lens stereoscope and mirror stereoscope